That, however, does not mean the migration back to Africa started in Italy or Spain.
1469 members About; DNA Results; Surnames; Activity Feed; Photos; Links; Administrators Ana Oquendo Pabón. Indeed one of Reich’s analyses, published last month, found Neanderthal traces in Yoruba DNA (Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature12886). That made sense. But because those descendants did not move back into Africa until historical times, most of this continent remained a Neanderthal DNA-free zone. Now it appears that the Back to Africa migration 3000 years ago carried a weak Neanderthal genetic signal deep into the homeland. More likely, the migration began in what is now the Middle East.
Comparisons with living humans revealed traces of Neanderthal DNA in all humans with one notable exception: sub-Saharan peoples like the Yoruba and Khoisan.
“I think we were shocked,” says Reich. That made sense.
African. This could be indicative not only of an impact that this archaic DNA has on modern Yoruba populations, but can also provide insight into how modern humans as a whole evolved as a species. There’s one more twist to the tale. Khoe-Kwadi speakers were – and remain – pastoralists who make their living from herding cows and sheep. The cultural implications are complex and potentially uncomfortably close to European colonial themes. In 2010 a research team – including Reich – published the first draft genome of a Neanderthal.
However, in the thousands of years since they – and the ancestors of the Khoisan – left the region, it has experienced several waves of immigration. The suggestion is that they introduced herding to a region that was otherwise dominated by hunter-gatherers. The health benefits of sunlight: Can vitamin D help beat covid-19?
Their extraordinarily diverse gene pool split from everyone else’s before the African exodus. It just sounded laughable at that time.
Some got rather cosy with each other.
The Khoisan tribes of southern Africa are hunter-gatherers and pastoralists who speak unique click languages.
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In fact, the study shows that some of their DNA matches most closely people from modern-day southern Europe, including Spain and Italy. The unexpected snippets of DNA most resembled sequences from southern Europeans, including Sardinians, Italians and people from the Basque region (see “Back to Africa – but from where?“). Reich and his team found that the proportion of Eurasian DNA was highest in Khoe-Kwadi tribes, who have up to 14 per cent of western Eurasian ancestry. “These populations were always thought to be pristine hunter-gatherers who had not interacted with anyone for millennia,” says Reich’s collaborator, linguist Brigitte Pakendorf of the University of Lyon in France. of HG Ancestry.
That result confirms a 2012 study by Luca Pagani of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Hinxton, UK, which found non-African genes in people living in Ethiopia. What is more, when they looked at the east African tribes from which the Khoe-Kwadi descended, they found a much stronger proportion of Eurasian DNA – up to 50 per cent.
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