On a visit to Leyte in April 1943, Commander Parsons persuaded Col. Rupert K. Kangleon, former commander of the Philippine, 81st Infantry, to attempt a consolidation of the dissident factions on the island under the guidance of SWPA. Should we not be willing to suffer for their defense? That may be true in the case of soldiers who were corralled by the enemy consisting of superior force with no way of escape whatsoever. In early 1944 the command of the main guerrilla forces in northern Luzon ultimately fell to Maj. Russell W. Volckmann, an unsurrendered American officer. Despite the lack of communication, some American and Filipino soldiers were able to evade the Japanese and go into hiding. Administrative officer of the guerrilla Cebu Area Command. Organised Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts, Mountain Group Command, which operated in Zambales Mountains. After contacting Colonel Fertig, Commander Parsons presented General MacArthur's concept of guerrilla activities and then went on to visit the other islands in the archipelago.11, Following these two initial penetrations, additional parties were sent in as rapidly as strained transportation facilities permitted. Submarines carried supplies to Panay in April, and to Tawi Tawi and Mindanao in May. Meanwhile, Commander Parsons had returned to Australia in the late summer of 1943 from his fruitful mission to Mindanao and its neighboring islands. Their reports indicated that this large and strategically placed island could be made into a major guerrilla base for further expansion to the north. Captain Abcede originally was sent to Negros in November 1942 by Colonel Peralta of Panay. Fighters of the underground have usually received payment in the form of a one-way ticket to the gallows or the firing squad, very often by way of the torture chamber. It was on Leyte that the Filipino guerrilla and the American soldier first joined forces in battle. The killing of rich Filipino collaborators enabled the Huk to capture estates. PFC, US Army Air Corps. Guerrilla troops also seized the Tagum River area on north Davao Gulf, as well as Talikub Island in the Gulf itself.22, The Guerrillas on Negros, Cebu, and Bohol. Calavite and, after a futile attempt to escape, Major Phillips was killed and his headquarters destroyed.16 In July 1944, Comdr. Colonel Fertig was given command of the 10th Military District on Mindanao and Lt. Col. Macario Peralta, of the 6th Military District on Panay. By the end of 1943 a communications net had been established covering most of the southern Philippines. Alongside it, “several bands of resistance fighters sprouted up throughout the Philippine landscape.”. The growth of guerrilla organizations on these three islands followed a pattern very similar to that of Mindanao. The Japanese in these areas were particularly watchful, however, and, as each new leader arose, he was tracked down and eliminated. On the morning of the 23rd, one element of the 11th Airborne crossed Laguna de Bay in amphibious craft while another element took off by plane for a spectacular parachute drop. At the same time, Major Volckmann built up a strong intelligence system to funnel all information on Japanese movements in northern Luzon to his headquarters. Damon J. Gause, who had made a hazardous journey from Luzon in a remarkable feat of navigation, arrived in Australia with the first reports of guerrilla activities on southern Luzon, Palawan, and Tawi Tawi. Civilian, along with Swick, escaped from Camp Holmes, and joined the USAFIP(NL) in April 1943. Their flag depicted a bolo, a traditional knife of the Philippines, and a kris, a fabled fashion of sword popular over the centuries with Muslims, in the Philippines and Indonesia. Central Philippines Guerrilla Organization, October-November 1944. As for the CPP, the party said that its armed wing will aim to draw the resources of the country’s military and police “away from the suppression of the democratic movement.” While the Filipino government has shied away from pushing China out of its territory or checking Chinese aggression, the communist party’s actions will threaten to tip the country’s “delicate balance” with Beijing. They constructed roadblocks at the northeast and southwest approaches to the stockade to hold up hostile reinforcements and also arranged for food caches so that the liberated prisoners could be fed at convenient points along the return route. To guide the various guerrilla leaders in the prosecution of their operations and to make maximum use of their services in the war against Japan, General MacArthur directed that his agents follow a policy of general encouragement and careful instruction without direct command interference which might incur resentment. The Aeta would hide and protect American soldiers in the mountain caves and when the food supply ran dry, they would grow tubers (sweet potatoes and yam) and rice to feed their units. Guerrilla captain, 2nd Battalion, Provisional Regiment of Philippine Scouts, which operated in Zambales Mountains under Thorp. Following the surrender of the Allies at the Battle of Corregidor, all allied radio connections and communications ceased as the Japanese military took control of the Philippine Islands. In early October, GHQ appointed Colonel Smith as commander of the Samar Area. This spirit of resistance was vividly expressed by Tomas Confesor, pre-war governor of Iloilo Province on Panay, who headed the free civil government of that island during the Japanese occupation. He had radio contacts and courier service with the principal guerrilla chiefs in the Visayas and Mindanao and his agents were in operation as far as Luzon. After the landing of the U. S. 40th Division, the guerrillas, familiar with the jungle terrain, served efficiently as scouts and guides in helping to rout the Japanese from hidden retreats and successfully executed numerous combat missions assigned by the division.28, Colonel Cushing's guerrillas on Cebu played havoc with Japanese patrols and movements prior to the arrival of the Americal Division. “Ports, tourism, all of that. Colonel Fertig was a former American mining engineer who had fought on Bataan and then, upon its surrender, escaped to Mindanao to serve with General Sharp. Wanting to fight, the former cadets trained other resistance fighters in sabotage, communications, radio operation, identifying and eliminating pro-Japanese Filipinos and spies, and conducting small hit and run raids.
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