The sarkin musulmi, who, since 1933, has also held the title of sardauna (“sultan”) of Sokoto, has retained his position as the spiritual ruler of the Fulani and as the leading Muslim figure in Nigeria. It lies along the Sokoto (Kebbi) River and is on a traditional caravan route that leads northward across the Sahara desert. The Fulani and the Hausa are the dominant ethnic groups. The name Sokoto (which is the modern/anglicised version of the local name, Sakkwato) is of Arabic origin, representing suk, "market". By the 1820s Sokoto had become known for its two large mosques, the Masallacin Shehu and the Masallacin Bello (both of which were rebuilt in the 1960s), and for the palace of the sultan. The 3-mile- (5-kilometre-) long Bakolori Dam (1975), one of the world’s longest, on the Sokoto River provides year-round irrigation in the Sokoto-Rima basin, but the project has become an economic disaster because the soil is becoming increasingly infertile as a result of irrigation and there is less water available downstream from the dam. The Kwiambana Game Reserve in the southeast is a major tourist attraction. Sokoto is the site of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University, which was founded in 1975. Its leather products were famous (especially those made from skins of the Sokoto red goat, the source of so-called morocco leather); the town also had a sizable trade in cotton cloth, slaves, sorghum, civet, brass articles, spices, kola nuts, salt, and potash with neighbouring kingdoms. Pop. This is an extension of the vast plain that covers much of northern Nigeria, broken in places by a rash of hills and, in others, by mountain ranges, as is the case on the approach to the city. First Person: Aminu Waziri Tambuwal. A generally arid region that gradually merges into the desert across the border in Niger republic, it has limited rainfall from mid-May to mid-September and is subjected to the Sahara’s harmattan (dry, dust-laden wind) from November to March. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Besides these, Sokoto features several traditional forms of entertainment, including wrestling known as kokawa, and a local form of boxing called dambe. Sokoto City is the modern-day capital of Sokoto State (and its predecessor, the Northwestern State). There are also northern routes linking the city to Niger Republic. The assassination of Sir Ahmadu Bello, the sardauna of Sokoto, in a military coup (1966) led by Igbo (Ibo) tribesmen provoked massacres of Igbos in the north and was a factor leading to the Nigerian civil war (1967–70). Similarly, visitors can access the Akalawa ruins of the ancient Gobir kingdom in the Sabon Birnin local government area. Gusau, a commercial and industrial centre, has a modern textile industry, a seed-oil mill, and a soybean-processing plant. A nearby cement plant uses the limestone in which Sokoto state abounds. Capital: Sokoto. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Even the name Sokoto bears the British imprint being an Anglophone rendering of what is known locally as Sakkwato, a derivative of “Suk,” the Arabic work for market, referring to an area where trading took place.
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