Deshalb musst du jede Tat vollziehen als eine Darbringung an Gott und frei sein von aller Bindung an die Ergebnisse. बुद्धिश्च न विचेष्टते तामाहुः परमां गतिम् ॥ १० ॥ [193] Hatha yoga synthesizes elements of Patanjali's Yoga Sutras with posture and breathing exercises. NV Isaeva (1992), Shankara and Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press. This has led certain Indologists like Prof. Robert J. Zydenbos to call Jainism, essentially, a system of yogic thinking that grew into a full-fledged religion. Vinyasa is a type of yoga that's dynamic and ever-flowing. "[2], Choudhury was extremely charismatic and persuasive, contributing to his success, according to principal Bikram teacher Emmy Cleaves; he also had a philosophy of making pupils work through pain, and a "highly entertaining in-class patter", being happy to tell pupils "I am a butcher and I try to kill you ... but don't worry, yoga is the best death". "[133], Karel Werner argued that the process of systematization of yoga which began in the middle and early Yoga Upanishads culminated with the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Ananda Yoga. The ultimate goal of Buddhist yoga is bodhi (awakening) or nirvana (cessation), which is traditionally seen as the permanent end of suffering (dukkha) and rebirth. [259][260] The most influential thinker of this school is Adi Shankara (8th century), who wrote various commentaries and original works which teach Jñāna yoga. [65][note 8] The Jaiminiya Upanishad Brahmana teaches mantra repetition and control of the breath. An asana is a body posture, originally and still a general term for a sitting meditation pose,[1] and later extended in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise, to any type of pose or position, adding reclining, standing, inverted, twisting, and balancing poses. [166] Acarya Haribhadra and Acarya Hemacandra mention the five major vows of ascetics and 12 minor vows of laity under yoga. [102] Among other things, the text discusses Yoga philosophy in its various chapters. This faith is generally in the God or … Vajrayana Buddhism, founded by the Indian Mahasiddhas,[276] has a series of asanas and pranayamas, such as tummo (Sanskrit caṇḍālī)[182] and trul khor which parallel hatha yoga. In general, hot yoga classes are vinyasa classes held in heated rooms. It became a bestseller, selling three million copies, and was translated into some 17 languages. [137] Patanjali defines the word "yoga" in his second sutra: योगश्चित्तवृत्तिनिरोधः(yogaś citta-vṛtti-nirodhaḥ)- Yoga Sutras 1.2, This terse definition hinges on the meaning of three Sanskrit terms. Yoga is an old discipline from India. What is often referred to as Classical Yoga, Astanga (Yoga of eight limbs), or Raja Yoga is mainly the type of Yoga outlined in the highly influential Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. [131] Schools, too, differ in their approaches to the sequence; for example, in Iyengar Yoga, variations such as inserting Maricyasana I and Pascimottanasana are suggested. [192] The earliest definition of hatha yoga is found in the 11th century Buddhist text Vimalaprabha, which defines it in relation to the center channel, bindu etc. In both, the foundational concepts include two realities: Purusha and Prakriti. [9][10][11], The eight limbs are, in order, the yamas (codes of social conduct), niyamas (self-observances), asanas (postures), pranayama (breath work), pratyahara (sense withdrawal or non-attachment), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation), and samadhi (realization of the true Self or Atman, and unity with Brahman, ultimate reality). It takes the form of a dialogue between Yajnavalkya and Gargi, a renowned philosopher. Yoga is the utter transcendence of the mind and is of two types. [252], Jain yoga has been a central practice in Jainism. [263], An influential text which teaches yoga from an Advaita perspective of nondualistic idealism is the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha. Anuyoga. He understands, he also sees. [199] The reception which Swami Vivekananda received built on the active interest of intellectuals, in particular the New England Transcendentalists, among them Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882), who drew on German Romanticism and philosophers and scholars like G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831), the brothers August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845) and Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel (1772–1829), Max Mueller (1823–1900), Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), and others who had (to varying degrees) interests in things Indian. They both hold that the free conscience is aloof yet transcendent, liberated and self-aware. [133] In Trikonasana, the top arm may be stretched forward parallel to the floor rather than straight up. The term Yoga has been defined in various ways in the many different Indian philosophical and religious traditions. [190], The earliest references to hatha yoga are in Buddhist works dating from the eighth century. [10] The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali date from the 2nd century BCE,[11][12] and gained prominence in the west in the 20th century after being first introduced by Swami Vivekananda. [249] Samatha is the quality of a stable, relaxed and calm mind. University of California Press, 1996, p. 8. "Tapas", Birth, and Spiritual Rebirth in the Veda, History of Religions, 15(4): 343–386, SA Bhagwat (2008), Yoga and Sustainability. ), Oxford University Press. John Powers (2004), in Encyclopedia of Buddhism (Editors: Damien Keown et al.
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