», « Je suis de passage dans cet établissement au nom d’une cause qui en vaut la peine. In 1935, Einstein collaborated with Nathan Rosen to produce a model of a wormhole, often called Einstein–Rosen bridges. », « L’astrologie est une science en soi, illuminatrice. Sa misère préoccupe son père, qui tente en vain de lui trouver un poste. Le 9 juillet 1909, il est distingué docteur honoris causa par l’université de Genève[10], il devient la même année professeur associé à l'université de Zurich[7]. Elles décrivent le comportement du champ de gravitation (la métrique de l’espace-temps) en fonction du contenu énergétique et matériel. The energy and momentum derived within general relativity by Noether's prescriptions do not make a real tensor for this reason. Thus, the theoretical prediction of general relativity could for the first time be tested experimentally.[195]. Einstein's affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study would last until his death in 1955. Einstein rejected this second possibility (popularly called "spooky action at a distance"). Einstein s’est exprimé sur ses convictions socialistes en 1949, en pleine période du maccarthysme, dans un essai intitulé Pourquoi le Socialisme, publié dans la Monthly Review[38],[39]: « Je suis convaincu qu’il n’y a qu’un seul moyen d’éliminer ces maux graves, à savoir, l’établissement d’une économie socialiste, accompagnée d’un système d’éducation orienté vers des buts sociaux. Peter Debye refined this model.[225]. Cette information souleva l’intérêt des médias. Nous devrions faire disparaître le plus rapidement possible ce cancer de la civilisation[28]. He finally figured out a way to handle the incessant inquiries. Albert se résigne alors à s’éloigner du milieu universitaire pour trouver un emploi dans l’administration. Il y rencontre aussi Mileva Marić, sa première épouse, une des toutes premières étudiantes de l'école, qui travaillera également avec lui sur la théorie de la relativité et mènera ses propres recherches. [68] In 1903, his position at the Swiss Patent Office became permanent, although he was passed over for promotion until he "fully mastered machine technology". [153], Einstein was deeply impressed by Mahatma Gandhi. Family and friends returned to Einstein’s home at 112 Mercer Street in Princeton, where he lived for 20 years, after his funeral, April 18, 1955. In 1914, he was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, where he remained for 19 years. [189][190], Einstein originally framed special relativity in terms of kinematics (the study of moving bodies). In 1919, that prediction was confirmed by Sir Arthur Eddington during the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919. This was established by Einstein, Infeld, and Hoffmann for pointlike objects without angular momentum, and by Roy Kerr for spinning objects. À l’inverse, le Vatican dénonce alors « un authentique athéisme même s'il est dissimulé derrière un panthéisme cosmique »[55]. [252], Many popular quotations are often misattributed to him. Einstein discovered Louis de Broglie's work and supported his ideas, which were received skeptically at first. [146][147] Near the end of his life, when the young Juilliard Quartet visited him in Princeton, he played his violin with them, and the quartet was "impressed by Einstein's level of coordination and intonation". It is considered a centerpiece of the development of quantum information theory.[238]. For a discussion of the reception of relativity theory around the world, and the different controversies it encountered, see the articles in Thomas F. Glick, ed., Einstein, A. Son employeur lui demande alors de le trouver[88]. [84], Based on calculations Einstein had made in 1911 using his new theory of general relativity, light from another star should be bent by the Sun's gravity. Mais de plus récentes études, parues notamment dans Science et Vie, concluent que le cerveau d’Einstein possédait un nombre élevé d’astrocytes. Einstein adopted Minkowski's formalism in his 1915 general theory of relativity.[191]. From 1912 until 1914, he was a professor of theoretical physics at the ETH Zurich, where he taught analytical mechanics and thermodynamics. I have done my share; it is time to go. Vivian. The results of these and subsequent experiments demonstrate that quantum physics cannot be represented by any version of the picture of physics in which "particles are regarded as unconnected independent classical-like entities, each one being unable to communicate with the other after they have separated. "[237], Although Einstein was wrong about local realism, his clear prediction of the unusual properties of its opposite, entangled quantum states, has resulted in the EPR paper becoming among the top ten papers published in Physical Review. De douze à seize ans, il apprend en autodidacte le calcul différentiel et intégral[4]. Morse made his way there, and soon saw two men loading a casket into a hearse. During this period, Einstein tried to develop a unified field theory and to refute the accepted interpretation of quantum physics, both unsuccessfully. So I headed over to Einstein’s office at the Institute for Advanced Studies. [119] At the time, most American universities, including Harvard, Princeton and Yale, had minimal or no Jewish faculty or students, as a result of their Jewish quotas, which lasted until the late 1940s. "[143] At age 17, he was heard by a school examiner in Aarau while playing Beethoven's violin sonatas. Banquet Speech by R. Nadolny (in German). Une partie du clergé a considéré que les vues d’Einstein étaient compatibles avec la foi. The story of how Morse got the pictures, meanwhile, provides a lesson in tenacity, and thinking on one’s feet. However, he became displeased with modern quantum mechanics as it had evolved after 1925, despite its acceptance by other physicists. Their son Eduard was born in Zürich in July 1910. Il contribue largement au développement de la mécanique quantique et de la cosmologie, et reçoit le prix Nobel de physique de 1921 pour son explication de l’effet photoélectrique[N 2]. I will do it elegantly. Einstein saw this wave–particle duality in radiation as concrete evidence for his conviction that physics needed a new, unified foundation. Marić returned to Switzerland without the child, whose real name and fate are unknown. [3] He also received the Copley Medal from the Royal Society in 1925. En 1935, il devient lauréat de la médaille Franklin. In 1917, at the height of his work on relativity, Einstein published an article in Physikalische Zeitschrift that proposed the possibility of stimulated emission, the physical process that makes possible the maser and the laser. Erwin Schrödinger applied this to derive the thermodynamic properties of a semiclassical ideal gas. »[52]. Il y rencontre entre autres Marie Curie, Max Planck et Paul Langevin. Einstein played a major role in developing quantum theory, beginning with his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect. A., "Handling evidence in history: the case of Einstein's wife". Les connaissances géophysiques mettent en relief le pouvoir des étoiles et des planètes sur le destin terrestre. Par ailleurs, une sélection des œuvres d’Einstein, notamment ses articles scientifiques originaux, sont disponibles en traduction française commentée sous le titre Œuvres choisies aux éditions du Seuil/CNRS éditions, dans la collection Sources du savoir (6 volumes parus depuis 1989). [60] Konenkova was a Russian spy, who was married to the noted Russian sculptor Sergei Konenkov (who created the bronze bust of Einstein at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton). En 1925, il est lauréat de la médaille Copley, et en 1928 il est nommé président de la Ligue allemande des droits de l'homme. Einstein démissionne de l’académie de Prusse en 1933, et il est exclu de celle de Bavière. [22][23], Einstein always excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a mathematical level years ahead of his peers. Il éprouve jusque tard dans son enfance des difficultés pour s'exprimer[N 4]. Il dit alors : « Gott würfelt nicht » (« Dieu ne joue pas aux dés ») pour marquer son opposition à l’interprétation probabiliste de la physique quantique, ce à quoi Niels Bohr répondit : « Qui êtes-vous, Albert Einstein, pour dire à Dieu ce qu’il doit faire ? La phrase a donc été forgée environ cinq ans après la mort d’Einstein[71]. C’est aussi une jeune femme brillante, élève du Polytechnicum. » Le paradoxe EPR qu’il précise en 1935 avec Boris Podolsky et Nathan Rosen à Princeton reste aujourd’hui un exemple important d'une tentative pour questionner les fondements de la mécanique quantique. Einstein Archive 46-756. The examiner stated afterward that his playing was "remarkable and revealing of 'great insight'". Aucune interprétation, aussi subtile soit-elle, ne peut selon moi changer cela[58]. Here, LIFE presents a selection of photographs from that day pictures that capture the scene on a spring morning in New Jersey, when Ralph Morse found himself racing around an Ivy League town trying to find out what became of the late, great Albert Einstein. At the request of Einstein’s son, who asked that the family’s privacy be respected while they mourned, LIFE’s editors chose not to run the full story, and for more than five decades Morse’s photographs lay in the magazine’s archives, forgotten.
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